Civil construction is the art of building bridges, dams, roads, airports, canals, and buildings. Civil engineering is the oldest disciplines of engineering. ... The infrastructure used in our daily lives all has been created because of civil construction and engineering

1- The soil close to the base of the superstructure does not have sufficient bearing capacity. 2-The soils immediately beneath the foundations are subject to scour/erosion. 3- The estimated settlements exceed the allowable limits. 4- Excessive differential settlements that are intolerable by the superstructure 5- High water table or artesian water conditions and the soil is sensitive to excavation and construction even of shallow foundations. This may represent an expensive item in the cost of foundations and may also cause reduction in the strength of some certain soils.